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''Imleria badia'', commonly known as the bay bolete, is an edible, pored mushroom found in Europe and North America, where it grows in coniferous or mixed woods on the ground or on decaying tree stumps, sometimes in prolific numbers. Both the common and scientific names refer to the bay- or chestnut-coloured cap, which is almost spherical in young specimens before broadening and flattening out to a diameter up to . On the cap underside are small yellowish pores that bruise dull blue-grey when injured. The smooth, cylindrical stipe, measuring long by thick, is coloured like the cap, but paler. Some varieties have been described from eastern North America, differing from the main type in both macroscopic and microscopic morphology. First described scientifically by Elias Fries in 1818, the bay bolete was reclassified as ''Xerocomus badius'' in 1931, and it is still listed thus in several sources. Modern molecular phylogenetic studies show ''Xerocomus'' to be polyphyletic (not descended from a common ancestor), and the bay bolete is not particularly closely related to species in that genus. Often considered a poor relation of the cep (''Boletus edulis''), ''I. badia'' is nevertheless regarded as a choice edible mushroom by some authors, such as food expert Antonio Carluccio, and is sold in markets in Europe and central Mexico. Its mushrooms are less often infested by maggots than other boletes. Several European studies have demonstrated that the mushroom can bioaccumulate some trace metals from the soil, such as mercury, cobalt, and nickel. Additionally, the mushroom contains a pigment that concentrates radioactive caesium; specimens collected in Europe following the 1986 Chernobyl disaster had 137Cs concentrations several times greater than those collected before the incident. ==Taxonomy== The bay bolete was first named as ''Boletus castaneus'' ß ''badius'' (i.e. a subspecies of ''Boletus castaneus'') by Elias Magnus Fries in 1818. Fries later renamed it as a variety of ''Boletus castaneus'' in 1828,〔 before assigning it distinct species status in his 1832 work ''Elenchus Fungorum''.〔 The fungus has been transferred to several genera in its taxonomic history: ''Rostkovites'' by Petter Karsten in 1881;〔 ''Viscipellis'' and ''Ixocomus'' by Lucien Quélet in 1886 and 1888, respectively;〔〔 and ''Suillus'' by Otto Kuntze in 1898.〔 In 1931, Edouard-Jean Gilbert reclassified it in the genus ''Xerocomus'',〔 and many sources still list it thus.〔 Review of ''Xerocomus'' strongly suggested it was polyphyletic, and the genus was not accepted by some mycologists. The stickiness of its wet cap distinguishes the species from others classified in ''Xerocomus'', and hence it was left in ''Boletus'' until Alfredo Vizzini placed it in its own genus in 2014.〔〔 Genetic analysis published in 2013 shows that ''Imleria badia'' is related to ''B. pallidus'' and ''B. glabellus''; the three species form a clade known informally as the ''badius'' clade within a larger group (informally called anaxoboletus) in the suborder Boletineae. Other clades within the group include the ''Tylopilus'', porcini (= ''Boletus'' ''sensu stricto'') and ''Strobilomyces'' clades, as well as two other groups composed of members of various genera including ''Xerocomus'' (the taxa designated as ''Xerocomus'' species in this clade are not ''Xerocomus'' species and require new taxonomic designations) and ''Xerocomellus''.〔 The species ''Boletus limatulus'', originally published by Charles Christopher Frost in 1874,〔 was later redescribed, "with a slight tinge of irritation at the time, energy and gasoline spent", as a variety of ''I. badia'' by Wally Snell in 1945 (as ''Xerocomus badius'' var. ''limatulus'').〔 The taxon name comes from the Latin ''limatulus'', "rather polished" or "refined".〔 Varieties ''glaber'' and ''macrostipitatus'' were described from Nova Scotia, Canada, in 1976.〔 The starting date of fungal taxonomy had been set as January 1, 1821, to coincide with the date of the works of Swedish naturalist Elias Magnus Fries, the "father of mycology". Rolf Singer argued that setting the starting date earlier to Christiaan Persoon's 1801 publication of ''Synopsis'' would make a name change necessary, as he had originally given what is now known as ''Royoporus badius'' the combination ''Boletus badius'' Pers. and if the bay bolete was classified in the genus ''Boletus'', the name would be unavailable and the names ''Boletus glutinosus'' Krombh. or ''B. spadiceus'' Krombh. (non Fr.) would have to be used instead.〔 The species name is the Latin adjective ''badia'', meaning "chestnut brown".〔 The common name is likewise derived from the colour of the cap, likened to the coat of a bay horse. Alternate common names of a similar derivation include bay-brown bolete and bay-capped bolete,〔 and it is known as ''bolet bai'' in French.〔 It is also known as the false cep.〔 Variety ''glaber'' was named for its smooth (Latin: ''glaber'', "without hairs") stipe, and ''macrostipitatus'' for its large (Latin: ''macro'', "large") stipe.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Imleria badia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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